Problem Solving:
Problem solving is the process of finding and identifying
the problem of it. Problem solving is the skill that is developed by well
approach person. We solve different problem every day. Problem are of different
nature. Some problem is very difficult and it take more attention to find the
solution of it. A problem may be solved in different way. One problem may be
solved easy, less expensive and faster.
Different strategies, techniques and tools are used to
solved a problem. Computer are used as a tool to solve a problem. Computer
program contain instruction to executes these instruction to solve a problem.
Programmer write a computer program. Person can be a good programmer If he has
a skill to solve problem. Different problem solving techniques are as follow:
·
Program
·
Algorithm
·
Flowchart etc
Program:
A set of instruction that tell the computer what to do is
known as the computer program. A computer work according to the instruction
given in program. Computer program are written in different programming
language. A person who devolpe computer program is programmer. A programmer
devolpe computer program to instruct the computer how to process and convert
the data. A programmer used different programming language to create a program.
Advantages of
computer program:
o
A computer program contain different instruction
to solve the problem.
o
A computer program can solve many problem
rapidely and quickly.
o
A computer program can solve large amount of
data with out any problem.
o
It can display data in different style.
o
The processing of program is more efficient and
reliable .
o
A different types of program is used in
different types of field.
Algorithms & Pseudo Code
A step by step procedure to solve the problem is known as
algorithms. The process of writing a program in simple English. The process of
solving a program in simple and easier way. It is better to write algorithm
before writing a program.
Properties of Algorithms:
o
The given program is broken down in to the simple
and easy steps.
o
The given program is numbered sequentially.
o
The steps are written in simple English.
Algorithms is written in simple
English called pseudo code. There is no standard for pseudo code it is always
written in simple English.
Logic Design:
In this part the logic of the program is designed. The
program is broken into the steps and it is numbered sequentially.
Codding:
In this part algorithms is converted into the program. The
steps of the algorithms is converted in to the any programing language.
The use of pseudo code focus on the planning of the program
when the planning of the program is finalized the algorithms is converted into
the programs.
Advantage of algorithms:
1.
Reduced Complexity
Writing a Algorithms and writing program is
the two different task. While writing algorithms we can focus on the solving of
the problem instead of concentrating the programming language.
2.
Increased Flexibilty
Algorithms is written so the code may be
written in any language when the algorithms is the code may be written in any
type of language like java, PASCAL, COBOL and C++.
3.
Ease to understand
Algorithm is very easy to understand because
we can only focus on the simple English instead of programing language.
Flow Chart:
Flow chart is the combination of two words flow and chart in
this chart consist of different symbol to display the information and flow
indicate the direction of data in the program.
Uses of the logic flow chart:
Ø
Flow chart is use to represent the algorithm in
graphical manner.
Ø
Flow chart is use to show the direction of
program.
Ø
Flow chart is use to Improve the logic of the
algorithms.
Ø
Flow chart is use to show the steps of the
algorithms.
Ø
Flow chart is reviewed and debugged easly.
Flow Chart Symbol:
1.
Input / Output
Parallelogram symbol is used represent the
input and output steps. Input statement is use to get input from the user and
output statement is use to display the output to the user.
2.
Process
Rectangle symbol is used to represent the
process step. A Process may be a complex calculation and assignment statements.
3.
Selection
Diamond symbol is used to represent the
selection steps. A condition is given in the diamond. The flow control from the
condition may go to two direction i.e
one direction if the condition is true second direction if the condition is
false.
4.
Start / End
Oval Symbol is used to represent the start
and end process
5.
Flow lines
Flow lines indicate the direction of flow
in the chart.
6.
Connector
Circle symbol is used to combine the flow
line if the flow lines is coming from the different direction the connector
connect these line to move in one direction.
7.
Function Call
Rectangular symbol with two lines one line
is left side and other line is right side is the function call symbol. The name
of the function with parameter is written inside the rectangular.
8.
Preparation
This symbol is used to start or end the
loop of the flow chart.
Example Of Flow Chart:
The following flow char represents the
steps for adding two numbers.
|
Start
|
|
Input A,B
|
|
Sum=A+B
|
|
Display
|
|
End
|
Another Example of flow chart:
|
End
|
|
Marks>=40
|
|
Display ”Fail”
|
|
Display
“Pass”
|
|
Start
|
|
Input
Marks
|
The Difference Between Flow Chart And Algorithm
|
Flow Chart
|
Algorithm
|
|
Standard symbol are used to design flow chart
|
It use simple English to design algorithm
|
|
It is difficult to modify
|
It is easier to modify
|
|
It take more time to design
|
It take less time to design
|
|
It is the graphical representation of solution
|
It is step by step procedure to solve the problem
|
Program Development Process:
Defining And Analyzing Problem:
In this process, Programmer identify the problem. He decided
the best way to solve the problem. Identifying problem is very necessary for
the programmer due to the following things.
·
The fact and figure which are necessary for the
development of program.
·
The way in which program is design
·
The language in which the program will be
reliable
·
What is the desired output and in which form it
is needed.
Designing the Algorithm:
An algorithm is the sequence of steps that is carried out
the programmer before development of program.
Coding or Writing the Program:
The process of writing a program in a very simple manner
before the development of the program. In this step the algorithm is converted
in to the program. The program consist of different steps given in the algorithm. A large number of
programming language are available. Programmer use programing language
according to the need of the program.
Testing Program:
A program must be tested during the process of the program.
A program can be tested by executing it again and again. Different value are given
to the program to execute it if there is an error the computer show the
message. The error must be detected and corrected during the execution of the
program.
Final Documentation:
When the program is finalized, the programmer develop the documentary of it.
Final documentation is created to guide the user about the usage of the
program. An other use of the documentation is to allow an other programmer to
modify the program when it is need.
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